Friday, January 31, 2020

Analysis of The Somebody Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of The Somebody - Essay Example He considered owning all the things, places and buildings where he signed his name and looked at himself as somebody, a popular person who has a reputation of his own. The story is written in simple narration where the author used words and conversations used mainly among street people to adapt to the attributes of the characters. The main character claims he is Mexican whereby, unsophisticated English words are used and being a gang member, the narrator uses phrases commonly used like the use of the word ‘man’. For instance when Chato commented about what happened to the houses in his neighborhood, he said, â€Å"I hope that never happens to your street, man†. He used the phrase to speak to his reader or audience regardless of gender. The use of figurative speech is abundant in the story making it an interesting narrative, catching the attention of readers, letting them pause and think about what they could possibly mean. The figures of speech also stir the imagi nations of audiences to the picture the author wants to paint in their minds, making the events and characters come alive. â€Å"The toilet roars like a hot rod taking off† is a simile used in the story which portrays the whooshing sound made by the toilet bowl when it is flushed. The terms could also imply that the toilet sound is louder than it should be, making it appear in the reader’s mind that the setting is in a poor family’s house where repairs or change of materials are not done even when badly needed. Other figurative connotation used as a simile is â€Å"like a ghost in the graveyard†, which describes the narrators way of walking down the street, allowing the reader to imagine that he was walking alone in a dark, abandoned road. The figures of speech help the reader to have a clear picture of the images the author wants to portray through the words of the main character which was done quite successfully. About his writing, Chato describes it in the same fashion as, â€Å"It’s real smooth and mellow, and curvy like a blond in a bikini†. The comparison of two unlike things is used in this description which may have been an exaggeration but to the author, might have reached his goal of putting the penmanship of the character beside a curvy woman’s naked body to show how attractive is writing is. Metaphor was also used in the narration of the main character as he described the legs of her mother with the following phrase, â€Å"Her legs got those dark blue rivers running all over them†. He used the image of rivers to describe the varicose veins on her mother’s legs which could have been correctly represented because as the rivers carry water or fluid, the veins do the same however, they carry blood. Rivers when seen from afar are colored blue but the representation of the author about the varicose veins mentions them to be dark blue. The author also used personification in the story, making things perform human actions. For example, he said about the houses being destroyed by the bulldozers and wrecking bars of S.P. Railroads, â€Å"You could hear those houses scream when they ripped them down†. Houses cannot scream but the author used the word probably to inform readers about how the owners had no other choice but to let their houses be bulldozed against their will. It could also be that he was referring to the noise made in the midst of the wrecking of the houses, the sound of bars and hammerings and probably made a parallelism to how a person would react if one is ripped off or destroyed. In another

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Euthanasia Essay - Religious Views on Assisted Suicide -- Euthanasia P

Official Religious Views on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay is dedicated to the expression of the various official views of religious bodies within our nation. Most major denominations are represented. These religions have long been the custodians of the truth, serving to check the erratic and unpredictable tendencies of political, judicial and social bodies which would have Americans killing off their elderly and handicapped.    The National Association of Evangelicals believe that human beings are made in the image of God and are, therefore, of inestimable worth. God has given people the highest dignity of all creation. Such human dignity prohibits euthanasia, that is actively causing a person's death.    Is it moral to withdraw a life-support system which is believed to be an inappropriate extension of the dying process? The National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) believes that in cases where patients are terminally ill, death appears imminent and treatment offers no medical hope for a cure, it is morally appropriate to request the withdrawal of life-support systems, allowing natural death to occur. In such cases, every effort should be made to keep the patient free of pain and suffering, with emotional and spiritual support being provided until the patient dies. The National Association of evangelicals believes that in cases where extensive brain injury has occurred and there is clear medical indication that the patient has suffered brain death (permanent unconscious state), no medical treatment can reverse the process. Removal of any extraordinary life-support system at this time is morally appropriate and allows the dying process to proceed.(National)    The Union of Orthodox... ...rson cannot be legitimately interrupted. The use of painkillers to alleviate the sufferings of the dying, even at the risk of shortening their days, can be morally in conformity with human dignity if death is not willed as either an end or a means, but only foreseen and tolerated as inevitable. Palliative care is a special form of disinterested charity. As such it should be encouraged. (Catechism) WORKS CITED: National Association of Evangelicals of America http://www.euthanasia.com/evangel.html Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America http://www.ou.org/public/statements/1999/nate43.htm   Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod http://www.euthanasia.com/missouri.html Reformed Church in America http://www.euthanasia.com/lakes.html Catechism of the Catholic Church http://www.euthanasia.com/catech.html

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Legacy of Algeria

Algeria remains one of France’s most valuable possessions during the colonial period. The country was a French colony for over a century until the early 1960s when nationalist agitation caused independence to be granted to the country. This form of revolt, which began gathering momentum in 1954 and lasted till 1962, is what became known as the Algerian War. Even though this war ended since 1962, the memories of the War are still present especially in France. Moreover, this war appears to be the most significant part of France’s involvement in Algeria.This essay will therefore look at the legacy created in France as a result of their involvement in Algeria. The essay will also examine the huge debates and controversies created by memories of the war in France. Aspects of brutality by the French police will equally be examined.Torture was a significant part of the Algerian and this aspect has sparked a series of debates and controversies in France ever since the war ended . During the more than one hundred thousand Algerians were tortured[1] by European born French police officers and pro-French Algerians who had been known to be very brutal when they handled matters relating to French Algerians in Paris. Several interrogation centers were created and the torture of Algerians by French auxiliary police was synonymous to these interrogation centers. Methods used where water torture, impaling on bottles and electric shocking.[2]   It was incidents like these that made the Algerian War to be labeled the most brutal in all colonial battles that France got involved in. In fact the conduct of the war welcomed a lot of criticisms from the French public without even bordering about the goals of the war. It is therefore no surprising that French men termed the war, â€Å"dirty war†.[3]Torture was so common to the extent that General Paul Aussaresses, whom at the time of the war was working with the French Special Service in Algeria and   who took p art in the battle of Algiers, which was aimed at hunting and destroying Algerian fighters acknowledged the use of torture when he held that,Among the operations in which I participated, most led to interrogations.Others to simple liquidation, which occurred on the spot. . . . [T]hose who  arrived in Tourelles [an interrogation center] were considered to be so  guilty that they did not leave alive. . . . [T]orture was used systematically if  the prisoner refused to talk, which was often the case. Rarely were prisoners  who were interrogated at night alive in the morning. If they talked ornot,  Ã‚  they were generally neutralized. . . . Summary executions were an integral  part of the task of maintaining order[4]The employment of torture by French police in the Algerian war created a significant impact in France, years after the War was over. To begin with, it sparked up a huge debate in France and the issue was whether torture was used during the Algerian war. This debate has been going ever since the war ended. For instance, in 1979, the issue about torture became so popular, to then that public opinion had to be sampled to see those who believed that torture was part of France’s colonial rule in Algeria. More than 50% of opinions sampled confirmed that they believe torture had been part and parcel of the Algerian crisis.[5] In later year the issue received more recognition to the extent that, opinion polls showed 94% of the population holding the belief that torture had been employed by French police during the Algerian War.The legacy left behind by the Algerian had serious ramifications in French politics. The question on torture again received recognition for the role it played during presidential campaigns in France. This was the case of the presidential elections in France in France in 2002. During campaigns major candidates were demanded to justify their stance with regards to the use of torture Algerian war.[6] Majority of the candida tes in this case were out rightly against torture.[7] In fact, ever since the war ended, the manner in which the war was handled has always aroused criticisms with emphasis placed on the use of torture. How ever, it is important to understand that French citizens have never really criticized the motive behind their involvement in Algeria. Instead, they criticize the manner in which the government reacted when things started going wrong in Algeria.The Algerian case also left it trade mark in the legal department in France. This is because, years after the incident, some of the perpetrators of what has been considered as cowardly acts have been brought before the court. Moreover, trials of this kind have drawn a lot of attention from the press. A case in point is the trial of Maurice Papon, who was the brainchild behind the suppression of Algerian demonstrators. Papon was a government functionary in France’s possessions in North Africa during the 1940s and 50sThis case was pres ided over in Bordeaux by Jean Louis Castagnà ©dà ©s.[8]During this trial, Papon asserted that he was never in support of the use of torture. He pointed out the he was never in control of the military, the main perpetrators of these acts, therefore, there was little he could do to stop them.[9] Even though Papon was freed for medical reasons, this case went further to strengthen the legacy of the Algerian situation in France. For instance the case pushed writers to work and in the process a number of works on Papon were produced. General works were also written on Papon and his trial. One of such works was marc Olivier Bruch’s scholarly study of the French administration under Vichy, titled Pour Servir l’Etat Francaise.On the commercial level some of these works gained a lot of grounds. This could be seen in the steady variety of books, movies and television shows, which came out to help bring to light the degree of torture experienced during the Algerian adventure. O ne of these movies, perhaps the most commercially successful, titled Avoir Vingt ans dans l’Aures released in 1971 and the documentary La Guerre d’Algerie and a lot of other documentary revealed the hidden practices of the of the French army in Algeria.[10]In fact Pascal Ory has tried to summarize central theme underlying most of the French movies and documentaries on the Algerian war when hen he writes, â€Å"French cinema did everything it could to give the image of the Algerian War as a ‘dirty war’† Also, another history of French movies holds the position that â€Å"Torture obsesses the cinema of the Algerian War.[11] Most of these movies and documentaries have gained a lot of grounds on the commercial level.Another legacy left by the Algerian war in France has been the commemorations in France marking the 1961 massacre. This incident occurred when dozens of Algerians were peacefully marching in Paris on October 17 1961. These of Algerians were ruthlessly killed. During the early years of the French government acknowledged the need for regular commemorations to mark this incident. The most outstanding was that held on the occasion of the 40th anniversary. This event was commemorated with demonstrations, exhibitions, film showings, and a colloquium held in the National Assembly, with distinguished panelists and some of the survivors of the event.[12]The legacy created by the Algerian questions in France has created a lot of controversy in France. For instance, national petition came demanding that the 1961 massacre be labeled a crime against humanity. This petition was welcomed by many intellectual elites amongst them were Pierre Bourdieu, Maurice Agulhon, Madeleine Rà ©bà ©rioux, Jacques Derrida. Such calls pushed the Paris City Council to affix a plaque on the Seine Bridge where several Algerians were dumped in to the river Seine on the day of demonstration. It even took time before the decision on what was to be writt en on the plaque. The wordings were carved on the plaque affixed on the left bank of the bridge crossing River Seine: To the memory of all the Algerians killed during the bloody repression of the peaceful demonstration of 17 October1961.†[13] Many human right groups and leftist have also welcomed the position that that the massacre be considered a crime against humanity.Another area of controversy in the Algerian crisis is centered on the proper word to term it. The French never wanted to consider it a war, instead they less hard phrases such a move to maintain order have always been preferred. However, a new understanding stemming from the rising concerns of the occurrences during the conflict made the French parliament in 1999 to label the Algerian case a war. This new development seems to have weakened the stance of many with regards to the horrors of the conflict.[14] This indicates the impact created by the Algerian crisis in France if one considers the fact that the conf lict has been a call for concern right in the French Assembly.Another area of controversy has been on the impact of trials like the case of Maurice Papon. People have been asking questions on whether it is necessary to try somebody for a crime committed some fifty years back. The French government sees it different. For instance, France which is one of those countries championing the course of democracy and human has to do something keep her credibility towards these this course.Moreover, it is imperative for trials of this kind to take place so that they could act as preventive measure for those who ever find their self in situations like the case in Algeria.Above all, there has also been a huge debate on the impact trials of this kind could have at the level of pedagogy.From the above, it is clear that the Algerian question has left a big scar on the French society judging from the memories of the war, which keeps circulating in France and among French people and Algerians. Moreov er, some people still remain divided on certain aspects of the war and it is this situation that has sparked up controversies when talking about the Algerian war.ReferenceCohen, William B. â€Å"The Algerian War and the Revision of France’s Overseas Mission†.Project Muse.Golsan, Richard J. â€Å"Vichy Afterlife† History and Counter History in Postwar France.Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.[1] William B. Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War and the Revision of France’s Overseas Mission†, Project Muse, 228. [2] Richard J. Golsan, â€Å"Vichy Afterlife† History and Counter History in Postwar France (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 167. [3] Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War †, 229. [4] Ibid, 232. [5] Ibid, 230. [6] Ibid, 236. [7] Ibid. [8] Golsan, â€Å"Vichy Afterlife†, 158. [9] Ibid, 162. [10] Cohen, â€Å"The Algerian War †, 229 [11] Ibid, 229. [12] Ibid, 234. [13] Ibid, 235. [14] Cohe n 231

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

What Are Lysosomes and How Are They Formed

There are two primary types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Lysosomes are organelles that are found in most animal cells and act as the digesters of a eukaryotic cell. What Are Lysosomes? Lysosomes are spherical membranous sacs of enzymes. These enzymes are acidic hydrolase enzymes that can digest cellular macromolecules. The lysosome membrane helps to keep its internal compartment acidic and separates the digestive enzymes from the rest of the cell. Lysosome enzymes are made by proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and enclosed within vesicles by the Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes are formed by budding from the Golgi complex. Lysosome Enzymes Lysosomes contain various hydrolytic enzymes (around 50 different enzymes) that are capable of digesting nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins. The inside of a lysosome is kept acidic as the enzymes within work best in an acidic environment. If a lysosomes integrity is compromised, the enzymes would not be very harmful in the cells neutral cytosol. Lysosome Formation Lysosomes are formed from the fusion of vesicles from the Golgi complex with endosomes. Endosomes are vesicles that are formed by endocytosis as a section of the plasma membrane pinches off and is internalized by the cell. In this process, extracellular material is taken up by the cell. As endosomes mature, they become known as late endosomes. Late endosomes fuse with transport vesicles from the Golgi that contain acid hydrolases. Once fused, these endosomes eventually develop into lysosomes. Lysosome Function Lysosomes act as the garbage disposal of a cell. They are active in recycling the cells organic material and in the intracellular digestion of macromolecules. Some cells, such as white blood cells, have many more lysosomes than others. These cells destroy bacteria, dead cells, cancerous cells, and foreign matter through cell digestion. Macrophages engulf matter by phagocytosis and enclose it within a vesicle called a phagosome. Lysosomes within the macrophage fuse with the phagosome releasing their enzymes and forming what is known as a phagolysosome. The internalized material is digested within the phagolysosome. Lysosomes are also necessary for the degradation of internal cell components such as organelles. In many organisms, lysosomes are also involved in programmed cell death. Lysosome Defects In humans, a variety of inherited conditions can affect lysosomes. These gene mutation defects are called storage diseases and include Pompes disease, Hurler Syndrome, and Tay-Sachs disease. People with these disorders are missing one or more of the lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes. This results in the inability of macromolecules to be properly metabolized within the body. Similar Organelles Like lysosomes, peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes. Peroxisome enzymes produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product. Peroxisomes are involved in at least 50 different biochemical reactions in the body. They help to detoxify alcohol in the liver, form bile acid, and break down fats. Eukaryotic Cell Structures In addition to lysosomes, the following organelles and cell structures can also be found in eukaryotic cells: Cell membrane: Protects the integrity of the interior of the cell.Centrioles: Help to organize the assembly of microtubules.Cilia and Flagella: Aid in cellular locomotion.Chromosomes: Carry heredity information in the form of DNA.Cytoskeleton: A network of fibers that support the cell.Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids.Nucleus: Controls cell growth and reproduction.Ribosomes: Involved in protein synthesis.Mitochondria: Provide energy for the cell.